Gusudira ni inzira ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye, nko kubaka, gukora, no gusana imodoka.Nubwo gusudira ari ubuhanga bwingenzi, burimo kandi ingaruka zishobora gutera ibikomere bikomeye mugihe ingamba zumutekano zidakurikijwe.Aka gatabo gatangira kagamije gutanga amakuru yuzuye kubijyanye n’umutekano wo gusudira, harimo ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu ku giti cye (PPE), imyitozo y’akazi itekanye, n’ingaruka zishobora guterwa.
Kuki umutekano ari ngombwa mugusudira?
Umutekano ni ingenzi cyane mu gusudira kubwimpamvu nyinshi:
Kurinda Umuntu ku giti cye:
Gusudira birimo ingaruka zitandukanye, harimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibishashi, hamwe numwotsi wangiza.Ingamba z'umutekano, nko kwambara ibikoresho bikingira umuntu ku giti cye (PPE), byemeza ko abasudira barinda inkongi y'umuriro, ibikomere by'amaso, ibibazo by'ubuhumekero, n'ibindi bishobora guhungabanya ubuzima.
Kwirinda impanuka:
Ibikorwa byo gusudira akenshi bikubiyemo gukorana n'umuriro ugurumana, ubushyuhe bwinshi, n'amashanyarazi.Kwirengagiza ingamba z'umutekano birashobora gukurura impanuka, nk'umuriro, guturika, inkuba z'amashanyarazi, no kugwa.Gukurikiza uburyo bukwiye bwumutekano bigabanya ibyago byimpanuka kandi bigakora ahantu heza ho gukorera.
Ubuzima n'imibereho myiza:
Gusudira bitanga imyotsi na gaze bishobora kuba uburozi iyo bihumeka.Kumara igihe kinini kuri ibyo bintu bishobora gutera ibibazo byubuhumekero, indwara zifata ibihaha, nibindi bibazo byubuzima bwigihe kirekire.Mugushira mubikorwa uburyo bwo guhumeka neza no gukoresha uburinzi bwubuhumekero, abasudira barashobora kurinda ubuzima bwabo nubuzima bwiza.
Kubahiriza Amabwiriza:
Guverinoma n’inzego zishinzwe amategeko zashyizeho amabwiriza y’umutekano n’ibipimo ngenderwaho mu bikorwa byo gusudira.Gukurikiza aya mabwiriza ntibisabwa gusa n'amategeko ahubwo binemeza ko aho ukorera hujuje ubuziranenge bukenewe bwumutekano.Kubahiriza amabwiriza yumutekano bifasha gukumira impanuka, kurinda abakozi, no kwirinda ibihano cyangwa ingaruka zamategeko.
Umusaruro no gukora neza:
Ingamba z'umutekano, nk'amahugurwa akwiye no gukoresha ibikoresho bikwiye, bigira uruhare mu gukora neza kandi bitanga umusaruro.Iyo abakozi bumva bafite umutekano kandi bizeye aho batuye, barashobora kwibanda kubikorwa byabo batitaye kubibazo bishobora guteza.Ibi biganisha ku kongera umusaruro nakazi keza.
Icyubahiro n'icyizere:
Amasosiyete ashyira imbere umutekano mubikorwa byabo byo gusudira yerekana ubwitange bwabo kumibereho myiza yabakozi babo.Iyi mihigo yubaka ikizere mu bakozi, abakiriya, ndetse na rubanda rusanzwe.Ibyiza byumutekano hamwe nicyubahiro cyo gushyira imbere umutekano birashobora gukurura abakozi babishoboye no kuzamura isura yikigo mu nganda.
Kuzigama:
Gushora mubikorwa byumutekano birashobora gusaba ibiciro byambere, ariko amaherezo biganisha ku kuzigama ibiciro mugihe kirekire.Kwirinda impanuka n’imvune bigabanya amafaranga yo kwivuza, indishyi z’abakozi, hamwe n’uburyozwe bw’amategeko.Byongeye kandi, ibidukikije bikora neza bigabanya ibyangiritse, igihe cyo hasi, no gusana bihenze.
Mu gusoza, umutekano ni ngombwa mu gusudira kugirango urinde abakozi ingaruka zishobora kubaho, gukumira impanuka, kubungabunga ubuzima bwiza, kubahiriza amabwiriza, kuzamura umusaruro, no kubaka izina ryiza.Gushyira imbere umutekano ntabwo birinda gusa imibereho myiza yabasudira ahubwo binagira uruhare mubikorwa byo gusudira neza kandi neza.
Ni izihe ngaruka nyamukuru muri Welding?
Hariho ingaruka nyinshi zingenzi zijyanye no gusudira abasudira bakeneye kumenya no gufata ingamba zo kwirinda.Izi ngaruka zirimo:
Flash ya Arc:
Arc flash nimwe mubibazo byingenzi mugusudira.Bivuga kurekura ubushyuhe n'umucyo mwinshi bibaho mugihe cyo gusudira, cyane cyane mugihe cyo gusudira arc nko gusudira ibyuma bikingiwe arc gusudira (SMAW) cyangwa gusudira ibyuma bya gaze arc (GMAW).Irashobora gutera inkongi y'uruhu n'amaso mugihe uburinzi budakoreshejwe.Abasudira bagomba guhora bambaye ingofero yo gusudira hamwe na auto-umwijima wo kuyungurura kugirango barinde flash flash.
Impamvu zambere zitera arc flash muri gusudira ni:
Guhura n'imirasire ya UV na IR:
Welding arcs isohora ultraviolet (UV) hamwe nimirasire ya infragre (IR).Imirasire ya UV irashobora gutera uruhu rusa nkizuba, mugihe imirasire ya IR ishobora kubyara ubushyuhe bushobora gutera umuriro.Kumara igihe kinini kumirasire idafite uburinzi bukwiye birashobora gutuma umuntu yaka cyane kandi akangirika igihe kirekire.
Umucyo n'ubushyuhe bukabije:
Umucyo wa welding arc urashobora guhuma kandi bigatera ubumuga bwigihe gito cyangwa burigihe niba amaso adakingiwe neza.Ubushyuhe bukabije buterwa na arc burashobora kandi gutera uruhu kuruhu, kabone niyo haba harigihe cyo gusudira.
Kurinda impanuka za arc flash, abasudira bagomba gufata ingamba zikurikira:
Kwambara uburinzi bukwiye:
Ingofero yo gusudira ifite lens igicucu gikwiye ningirakamaro kugirango urinde amaso urumuri rwinshi nimirasire itangwa mugihe cyo gusudira.Igicucu cyurwego rwa lens kigomba gutoranywa hashingiwe kubikorwa byo gusudira hamwe na amperage yakoreshejwe.
Koresha imyenda ikingira:
Abasudira bagomba kwambara imyenda idashobora gucana, nka jacket yo gusudira cyangwa agafuni, kugirango barinde uruhu rwabo ibicanwa, ibyuma bishongeshejwe, nubushyuhe butangwa mugihe cyo gusudira.Amaboko maremare, ipantaro, n'inkweto zifunze-bigomba no kwambara.
Shyira mu bikorwa umwuka uhagije:
Guhumeka bihagije ni ngombwa gukuraho umwotsi wo gusudira hamwe na gaze aho bakorera.Guhumeka neza bifasha kugabanya guhura nuburozi kandi bigabanya ibyago byubuhumekero.
Kurikiza imyitozo itekanye:
Abasudira bagomba kwemeza ko ahakorerwa hasukuye ibikoresho byaka kandi ko ingamba zo gukumira umuriro, nk'izimyamwoto ziboneka byoroshye.Gukurikiza uburyo bukwiye bwo gusudira no gukomeza intera itekanye kuri arc birashobora kandi gufasha kugabanya ibyago bya flash ya arc.
Kwakira amahugurwa akwiye:
Abasudira bagomba guhugurwa ku byago bya arc flash, inzira z'umutekano, no gukoresha ibikoresho birinda umuntu.Bagomba kumenya protocole yihutirwa mugihe habaye arc flash.
Mugusobanukirwa ingaruka ziterwa na arc flash no gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zikwiye zumutekano, abasudira barashobora kwirinda ibyago kandi bikagabanya amahirwe yo gutwikwa bikabije no gukomeretsa amaso.
Umwotsi na gaze:
Gusudira bitanga imyuka yubumara na gaze, nka ozone, okiside ya azote, numwotsi wibyuma.Kumara igihe kinini uhura nibi bintu bishobora gutera ibibazo byubuhumekero, indwara zifata ibihaha, nibindi bibazo byubuzima.Abasudira bagomba kwemeza guhumeka neza aho bakorera kugirango bakureho ibyo bihumanya kandi bakoreshe kurinda ubuhumekero, nk'ubuhumekero cyangwa masike, nkuko babisabwe.Ingaruka nyamukuru zijyanye no gusudira imyuka na gaze harimo:
Ibibazo by'ubuhumekero:
Guhumeka imyotsi yo gusudira hamwe na gaze birashobora gukurura ibibazo bitandukanye byubuhumekero, nko gusudira fume fever, bronchitis, asima, nizindi ndwara zifata ibihaha.Kumara igihe kinini uhura nibi bintu bishobora gutera ibibazo byubuzima bwigihe kirekire.
Umuriro w'ibyuma:
Umuriro w'ibyuma ni indwara isa n'ibicurane iterwa no guhumeka umwotsi w'icyuma, cyane cyane imyuka ya zinc oxyde.Ibimenyetso birimo umuriro, gukonja, kubabara umutwe, isesemi, no kubabara imitsi.Nubwo mubisanzwe byigihe gito, guhura kenshi bishobora gutera ingaruka zubuzima budakira.
Imyuka y'ubumara:
Uburyo bwo gusudira butanga imyuka yubumara, nka ozone, azote ya azote, monoxyde de carbone, na oxyde zitandukanye.Guhumeka iyo myuka birashobora gutera uburakari, guhuzagurika, isesemi, kandi mugihe gikomeye, guhumeka cyangwa uburozi.
Ibintu bya kanseri:
Umwotsi umwe wo gusudira urimo ibintu bya kanseri, nka chromium ya hexavalent, nikel, na kadmium.Kumara igihe kinini uhura nibi bintu birashobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara ibihaha, umuhogo, cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri.
Kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa no gusudira imyuka na gaze, abasudira bagomba gufata ingamba zikurikira:
Menya neza ko uhumeka neza:
Guhumeka bihagije ni ngombwa gukuraho umwotsi wo gusudira hamwe na gaze aho bakorera.Sisitemu yo guhumeka yumudugudu waho, nkibikurura fume cyangwa ibifaru, bigomba gukoreshwa mugufata no gukuraho imyotsi aho ituruka.Guhumeka muri rusange, nk'abafana cyangwa gufungura imiryango / Windows, birashobora kandi gufasha kunoza ikirere.
Koresha uburyo bwo guhumeka:
Iyo guhumeka bidahagije cyangwa mugihe ukorera ahantu hafunzwe, abasudira bagomba gukoresha uburinzi bwubuhumekero bukwiye, nkubuhumekero cyangwa masike, kugirango bashungure imyotsi yangiza na gaze.Guhitamo ubuhumekero bigomba gushingira kubikorwa byihariye byo gusudira nubwoko bwanduye buhari.
Hitamo inzira-yohereza imyuka n'ibikoresho:
Uburyo bumwe bwo gusudira butanga imyotsi na gaze bike ugereranije nibindi.Kurugero, ibyuma bya gaz arc gusudira (GMAW) hamwe ninsinga zikomeye bitanga umwotsi muke ugereranije no gusudira kwa flux-cored arc (FCAW).Gukoresha imyuka ihumanya ikirere hamwe nibikoresho birashobora kandi gufasha kugabanya kubyara imyuka yubumara.
Komeza aho ukorera:
Buri gihe usukure aho ukorera kugirango ukureho ivumbi, imyanda, numwotsi.Kujugunya imyanda ikwiye, nkibikoresho byubusa cyangwa electrode ikoreshwa, nabyo ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde guhura n’ibikoresho byangiza.
Kwakira amahugurwa akwiye:
Abasudira bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa ku ngaruka ziterwa no gusudira imyuka na gaze, ndetse no gukoresha neza uburyo bwo guhumeka no kurinda ubuhumekero.Gusobanukirwa n'ingaruka no gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zikwiye z'umutekano ni ngombwa mu kurinda izo ngaruka.
Mu gushyira mu bikorwa izo ngamba z’umutekano no kumenya ingaruka ziterwa no gusudira imyotsi na gaze, abasudira barashobora kurinda ubuzima bw’ubuhumekero kandi bikagabanya ingaruka z’ubuzima bw’igihe kirekire.
Amashanyarazi:
Amashanyarazi ni akandi kaga gakomeye mu gusudira.Gusudira birimo amashanyarazi menshi ashobora gutera amashanyarazi mugihe hafashwe ingamba zikwiye.Abasudira bagomba kwirinda gukora ku mashanyarazi nzima kandi bakemeza ko ibikoresho byo gusudira bihagaze neza.Kugenzura insinga zangiritse no kwirinda guhura nubutaka butose cyangwa amazi mugihe cyo gusudira nabyo ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde amashanyarazi.Ingaruka nyamukuru zijyanye no guhanagura amashanyarazi muri gusudira harimo:
Gutwika:
Guhungabana kw'amashanyarazi birashobora gutera umuriro cyane ku ruhu no mu ngingo z'imbere.Ubushuhe butangwa numuyagankuba burashobora kwonona ingirangingo kandi birashobora gusaba ubuvuzi.
Ifatwa ry'umutima:
Amashanyarazi arashobora gutera umutima, bikaba byihutirwa mubuvuzi bisaba kwitabwaho byihuse.Umuyagankuba urashobora guhungabanya injyana yumutima isanzwe, biganisha kumutima utunguranye.
Kwangirika kw'imitsi:
Guhungabana kw'amashanyarazi birashobora kwangiza imitsi, bishobora kuviramo gucika intege, gutitira, cyangwa gutakaza ibyiyumvo ahantu hafashwe.Mu bihe bikomeye, birashobora gutera ubumuga cyangwa gutakaza imitsi.
Kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa no guhanagura amashanyarazi, abasudira bagomba gufata ingamba zikurikira:
Koresha uburyo bukwiye:
Ibikoresho byose byo gusudira bigomba kuba bihagaze neza kugirango birinde amashanyarazi.Imashini yo gusudira, urupapuro rwakazi, hamwe nameza yo gusudira bigomba guhuzwa numuyoboro wubutaka kugirango hamenyekane ko umuyaga uwo ari wo wose uzimiye werekeza kubutaka neza.
Kugenzura ibikoresho buri gihe:
Ibikoresho byo gusudira bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe kugirango bigaragaze ibimenyetso byerekana ko byashize, nk'insinga zacitse cyangwa izangiritse.Ibikoresho byangiritse bigomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa ako kanya kugirango birinde amashanyarazi.
Koresha ibikoresho bikingira umuntu:
Abasudira bagomba kwambara ibikoresho birinda umuntu ku giti cye, nk'uturindantoki twa reberi na bote, kugira ngo birinde amashanyarazi.Uturindantoki n'inkweto bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe ibimenyetso byose byangiritse.
Irinde ibihe bitose:
Gusudira ntibigomba gukorwa mubihe bitose cyangwa hejuru yubutaka.Ibihe bitose byongera ibyago byo guhitanwa n amashanyarazi, kuko amazi numuyoboro mwiza wamashanyarazi.
Kwakira amahugurwa akwiye:
Abasudira bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa ku ngaruka ziterwa no guhanagura amashanyarazi no gukoresha neza ibikoresho byo gusudira.Gusobanukirwa n'ingaruka no gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zikwiye z'umutekano ni ngombwa mu kurinda izo ngaruka.
Mu gushyira mu bikorwa izo ngamba z’umutekano no kumenya ingaruka ziterwa n’amashanyarazi mu gusudira, abasudira barashobora kwirinda ibyago byo gukomeretsa no kubungabunga umutekano muke.
Umuriro no guturika:
Umuriro no guturika ni ingaruka zikomeye mu gusudira.Imirabyo n'ibyuma bishyushye byakozwe mugihe cyo gusudira birashobora gutwika ibikoresho byaka, biganisha ku muriro cyangwa guturika.Ni ngombwa gukuraho ahakorerwa ibintu byose bishobora gutwikwa kandi hagashyirwaho ingamba zo gukumira umuriro, nk'izimyamwoto n'inzitizi zidashobora kuzimya umuriro.Kugira isaha yumuriro mugihe na nyuma yo gusudira nabyo birasabwa.Ibyago nyamukuru bifitanye isano numuriro no guturika mugusudira harimo:
Kwirengagiza ibikoresho byaka:
Gusudira ibishashara hamwe nubushuhe birashobora gukongeza ibikoresho byaka, nkumuti, amavuta, na gaze.Ibi birashobora gukurura umuriro cyangwa guturika, bishobora kwangiza cyane imitungo no gukomeretsa abakozi.
Umukungugu ushobora gutwikwa:
Kuzunguruka bitanga umukungugu n'imyanda, bishobora guhinduka iyo bivanze n'umwuka.Niba ikongejwe, umukungugu ushobora gutwikwa urashobora gutera umuriro cyangwa guturika, bishobora guteza akaga cyane ahantu hafunzwe.
Gutunga Oxygene:
Uburyo bwo gusudira bukoresha ogisijeni burashobora kongera umwuka wa ogisijeni mu kirere, bishobora guteza inkongi y'umuriro.Gutunganyiriza kwa Oxygene birashobora gutuma ibikoresho byaka byoroshye kandi bishobora gutuma umuriro ukwirakwira vuba.
Kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n'umuriro no guturika mu gusudira, abasudira bagomba gufata ingamba zikurikira:
Komeza aho ukorera:
Buri gihe usukure aho ukorera kugirango ukureho umukungugu, imyanda, nibikoresho byaka.Kujugunya imyanda ikwiye, nkibikoresho byubusa cyangwa electrode ikoreshwa, nabyo ni ngombwa kugirango hirindwe ko hajyaho ibikoresho byaka.
Koresha umwuka uhagije:
Guhumeka bihagije ni ngombwa kugirango ukureho imyuka yo gusudira hamwe na gaze mu kazi kandi wirinde ko habaho ivumbi ryaka.Sisitemu yo guhumeka yumudugudu waho, nkibikurura fume cyangwa ibifaru, bigomba gukoreshwa mugufata no gukuraho imyotsi aho ituruka.Guhumeka muri rusange, nk'abafana cyangwa gufungura imiryango / Windows, birashobora kandi gufasha kunoza ikirere.
Koresha ibikoresho bikingira umuntu:
Abasudira bagomba kwambara ibikoresho birinda umuntu ku giti cye, nk'imyenda irinda umuriro, gants, na bote, kugira ngo birinde ibyago byo gutwikwa no guturika.
Irinde gusudira hafi y'ibikoresho byaka:
Gusudira ntibigomba gukorwa hafi y'ibikoresho byaka, nk'umuti, amavuta, na gaze.Niba gusudira hafi yibikoresho byaka ari ngombwa, ibikoresho bikwiye byo kuzimya umuriro, nka kizimyamwoto, bigomba kuboneka byoroshye.
Kwakira amahugurwa akwiye:
Abasudira bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa ku ngaruka ziterwa n'umuriro no guturika mu gusudira no gukoresha neza ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro.Gusobanukirwa n'ingaruka no gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zikwiye z'umutekano ni ngombwa mu kurinda izo ngaruka.
Mu gushyira mu bikorwa izo ngamba z’umutekano no kumenya ingaruka ziterwa n’umuriro no guturika mu gusudira, abasudira barashobora kwirinda ibyago byo gukomeretsa no kubungabunga umutekano muke.
Ibikomere by'amaso n'uruhu:
Gukomeretsa kw'ijisho n'uruhu ni ingaruka zisanzwe mu gusudira.Gusudira bitanga urumuri rwinshi, ubushyuhe, nimirasire, bishobora kwangiza amaso nuruhu niba bidakingiwe bihagije.Ingaruka nyamukuru zijyanye no gukomeretsa amaso nuruhu mugusudira harimo:
Flash flash:
Amashanyarazi ya Arc ni ukurekura gitunguranye ubushyuhe n'umucyo bishobora kubaho mugihe cyo gusudira.Irashobora gutera uburibwe bukabije kumaso no kuruhu kandi birashobora kwangirika burundu kumaso.
Umwotsi wo gusudira:
Umwotsi wo gusudira urimo ibintu bifite uburozi, nka oxyde ya gaze na gaze, bishobora gutera ibibazo byubuhumekero no kurwara uruhu.Kumara igihe kinini uhura numwotsi wo gusudira birashobora gutera ubuzima budakira, nka kanseri yibihaha hamwe numuriro wibyuma.
Imirasire ya Ultraviolet (UV):
Gusudira bitanga imirasire ya UV, ishobora kwangiza amaso n'uruhu.Kumara igihe kinini kumirasire ya UV bishobora gutera cataracte, kanseri yuruhu, nibindi bintu byuruhu.
Kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka ziterwa no gukomeretsa amaso n’uruhu mu gusudira, abasudira bagomba gufata ingamba zikurikira:
Koresha ibikoresho bikingira umuntu:
Abasudira bagomba kwambara ibikoresho bikingira umuntu ku giti cye, nko gusudira ingofero zifite ibyuma byijimye byijimye, ibirahure by’umutekano hamwe n'ingabo zo ku mpande, hamwe n’imyenda irinda umuriro, kugira ngo birinde ingaruka zo gusudira.
Koresha umwuka uhagije:
Guhumeka bihagije ni ngombwa kugirango ukureho imyotsi yo gusudira hamwe na gaze mu kazi no kwirinda ko habaho uburozi.Sisitemu yo guhumeka yumudugudu waho, nkibikurura fume cyangwa ibifaru, bigomba gukoreshwa mugufata no gukuraho imyotsi aho ituruka.
Koresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gusudira:
Uburyo bukwiye bwo gusudira, nko gukomeza intera itekanye kuva kuri arc no kwirinda kureba neza kuri arc, birashobora kugabanya ibyago byo gukomeretsa amaso nuruhu.
Kwakira amahugurwa akwiye:
Abasudira bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa ku ngaruka ziterwa no gukomeretsa amaso n’uruhu mu gusudira no gukoresha neza ibikoresho birinda umuntu.Gusobanukirwa n'ingaruka no gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zikwiye z'umutekano ni ngombwa mu kurinda izo ngaruka.
Mu gushyira mu bikorwa izo ngamba z’umutekano no kumenya ingaruka ziterwa no gukomeretsa amaso n’uruhu mu gusudira, abasudira barashobora kwirinda ibyago byo gukomeretsa no kubungabunga umutekano muke.
Urusaku:
Urusaku ni akaga gakomeye mu gusudira.Gusudira bitanga urusaku rwinshi, rushobora kwangiza kwumva niba rutarinzwe bihagije.Ingaruka nyamukuru zijyanye n urusaku muri gusudira zirimo:
Kubura kumva:
Guhura n’urusaku rwinshi birashobora kwangiza kwumva burundu, nko kutumva cyangwa tinnitus.Kumara igihe kinini urusaku ruri hejuru ya décibel 85 (dB) birashobora kwangiza kumva.
Ingorane z'itumanaho:
Urusaku rwinshi rushobora gutuma abakozi bigorana kuvugana neza, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma habaho itumanaho nabi ndetse n’umutekano muke ukiyongera.
Kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n urusaku mu gusudira, abasudira bagomba gufata ingamba zikurikira:
Koresha uburinzi bukwiye bwo kumva:
Abasudira bagomba kwambara uburyo bukwiye bwo kumva, nk'ugutwi cyangwa gutwi, kugira ngo birinde ingaruka z'urusaku.Kurinda kumva bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije urwego rwurusaku nigihe bimara.
Koresha umwuka uhagije:
Guhumeka bihagije ni ngombwa kugirango ukureho imyotsi yo gusudira hamwe na gaze mu kazi no kwirinda ko habaho uburozi.Sisitemu yo guhumeka yumudugudu waho, nkibikurura fume cyangwa ibifaru, bigomba gukoreshwa mugufata no gukuraho imyotsi aho ituruka.Ibi birashobora kugabanya urusaku murwego rwakazi.
Koresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gusudira:
Uburyo bukwiye bwo gusudira, nko gukoresha umwenda wo gusudira cyangwa ecran kugirango urinde urusaku, birashobora kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n urusaku.
Kwakira amahugurwa akwiye:
Abasudira bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa ku ngaruka ziterwa n’urusaku mu gusudira no gukoresha neza uburyo bwo kwirinda kumva.Gusobanukirwa n'ingaruka no gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zikwiye z'umutekano ni ngombwa mu kurinda izo ngaruka.
Mu gushyira mu bikorwa izo ngamba z’umutekano no kumenya ingaruka ziterwa n’urusaku mu gusudira, abasudira barashobora kwirinda ibyago byo kwangirika kwumva kandi bakagira aho bakorera neza.
Ibyago bya Ergonomic:
Ibyago bya Ergonomic bivuga ingaruka zishobora gutera indwara ya musculoskeletal (MSDs) nizindi nkomere z'umubiri mugusudira.Kuzenguruka akenshi bikubiyemo gukora mumwanya utameze neza, gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi, no guterura ibiremereye.Izi ngingo zirashobora gukomeretsa imitsi, nkimitsi, imitsi, nibibazo byumugongo.Ingaruka nyamukuru zijyanye nibibazo bya ergonomic mugusudira harimo:
Imyifatire mibi:
Gusudira akenshi bisaba abakozi gukomeza kwihagararaho nabi mugihe kinini, nko kunama, kugera, cyangwa kugoreka.Iyi myanya irashobora kunanura imitsi hamwe ningingo, biganisha ku kutamererwa neza no gukomeretsa.
Gusubiramo inshuro:
Imirimo yo gusudira ikubiyemo kugenda inshuro nyinshi, nko gusudira cyangwa gusya.Gusubiramo birashobora gutera ibikomere birenze urugero, nka tendonitis cyangwa syndrome ya carpal.
Guterura biremereye:
Ibikoresho byo gusudira nibikoresho birashobora kuba biremereye, bisaba abakozi gukora kenshi guterura, gutwara, cyangwa gusunika / gukurura imirimo.Tekinike yo guterura idakwiye cyangwa imitwaro irenze urugero irashobora kunaniza umugongo no gukomeretsa umugongo.
Guhindagurika kunyeganyega:
Ibikoresho byo gusudira, nko gusya cyangwa gukata inyundo, birashobora kubyara kunyeganyega bishobora kwanduza amaboko n'amaboko.Kumara igihe kinini uhungabana birashobora kuvamo syndrome de hand-hand vibration syndrome (HAVS) nizindi ndwara zifitanye isano.
Kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nibibazo bya ergonomic mugusudira, abasudira bagomba gufata ingamba zikurikira:
Komeza ubukanishi bukwiye bw'umubiri:
Abakozi bagomba gutozwa uburyo bukwiye bwo guterura hamwe nubukanishi bwumubiri kugirango birinde guhangayika bitari ngombwa kumitsi hamwe ningingo.Ibi birimo gukoresha amaguru kugirango uzamure, kugumisha inyuma kugororotse, no kwirinda kugoreka.
Koresha ibikoresho bya ergonomic:
Abasudira bagomba gukoresha ibikoresho bya ergonomic, nkibikorwa bishobora guhindurwamo, manipulators yo gusudira, cyangwa amatara yo gusudira ya ergonomic, kugirango bagabanye imbaraga kumubiri kandi biteze imbere.
Fata ikiruhuko gisanzwe:
Kuruhuka kenshi mugihe cyo gusudira birashobora kugabanya ibyago byo gukomeretsa bikabije.Kurambura imyitozo cyangwa guhindura imyanya mugihe cyo kuruhuka birashobora kandi gufasha kugabanya umunaniro wimitsi no guteza imbere umuvuduko wamaraso.
Koresha ibikoresho bifasha:
Abasudira bagomba gukoresha ibikoresho bifasha, nkibikoresho byo guterura cyangwa ibikoresho bya ergonomic, kugirango bagabanye imbaraga zumubiri zijyanye no guterura ibiremereye cyangwa imirimo isubiramo.
Shushanya aho ukorera ergonomique:
Ahantu ho gusudira hagomba kuba hagamijwe guteza imbere igihagararo gikwiye no kugabanya ibibazo.Ibi bikubiyemo guhindura uburebure bwakazi, gutanga materi yo kurwanya umunaniro, no gucana amatara ahagije.
Mugushira mubikorwa izo ngamba zumutekano no kumenya ingaruka ziterwa nibibazo bya ergonomic mugusudira, abasudira barashobora kwirinda ibyago byo guhungabana kwimitsi nizindi nkomere zumubiri, bigatuma umutekano ukorwa neza.
Ibikoresho byingenzi byo gusudira
Gusudira nigikorwa gishobora guteza akaga gisaba gukoresha ibikoresho byumutekano bikwiye kugirango urinde gusudira nabandi muri kariya gace.Ibikurikira nibikoresho byingenzi byo gusudira:
Ingofero yo gusudira:
Ingofero yo gusudira nigice cyingenzi cyibikoresho byumutekano kubasudira.Irinda isura, amaso, nijosi gusudira urumuri rwinshi, ubushyuhe, nimirasire ikorwa mugihe cyo gusudira.Ingofero yo gusudira igomba kuba ifite lens igicucu kibereye inzira yo gusudira ikorwa.
Uturindantoki two gusudira:
Gants zo gusudira zirinda amaboko yo gusudira ubushyuhe, ibishashi, nicyuma gishongeshejwe cyakozwe mugihe cyo gusudira.Bikwiye kuba bikozwe mubikoresho birwanya umuriro kandi bigatanga ubuhanga buhagije kumurimo wo gusudira.
Ikoti ryo gusudira:
Ikoti ryo gusudira ritanga uburinzi kumubiri wo hejuru kurumuri, ubushyuhe, nimirasire ikorwa mugihe cyo gusudira.Igomba kuba ikozwe mubintu bitarwanya umuriro kandi igapfundikira amaboko, umubiri, nijosi.
Inkweto zo gusudira:
Inkweto zo gusudira zirinda ibirenge byo gusudira ibishashi, ubushyuhe, nibintu bigwa.Bikwiye kuba bikozwe mubintu bikomeye, birinda umuriro kandi bigatanga uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda kunyerera no kugwa.
Ubuhumekero:
Gusudira bitanga imyotsi na gaze bishobora kwangiza iyo bihumeka.Ubuhumekero bugomba kwambarwa kugirango burinde gusudira guhumeka muri ibyo bintu byangiza.Ubwoko bwubuhumekero bukenewe bizaterwa nuburyo bwo gusudira nubwoko bwumwotsi wakozwe.
Indorerwamo z'umutekano:
Ibirahure byumutekano birinda amaso yuwasudira imyanda iguruka.Bikwiye kuba bikozwe mubintu bitarwanya ingaruka kandi bigatanga uburinzi kuruhande.
Amatwi cyangwa amatwi:
Gusudira bitanga urusaku rwinshi rushobora kwangiza uwasudira.Amatwi cyangwa impeta zigomba kwambarwa kugirango birinde kwangirika kwumva.
Kizimyamwoto:
Kizimyamwoto igomba kuboneka byoroshye mugihe habaye umuriro.Ubwoko bwo kuzimya umuriro bukenewe bizaterwa nubwoko bwumuriro ushobora kubaho.
Ukoresheje ibikoresho byumutekano byo gusudira bikwiye, abasudira barashobora kwikingira hamwe nabandi muri kariya gace ingaruka ziterwa no gusudira.Ni ngombwa gukoresha ibikoresho byose byavuzwe haruguru kugirango umutekano ukore neza.
Kubika Ahantu Hizewe
Kugirango umutekano ube mugihe cyo gusudira, ni ngombwa gukomeza ibikoresho bikurikira:
Kizimyamwoto:
Gira kizimyamwoto hafi mugihe habaye ibihe byihutirwa.Menya neza ko kizimyamwoto ikwiriye kuzimya umuriro urimo ibikoresho byaka, nk'umuriro wo mu cyiciro cya C (umuriro w'amashanyarazi) n'umuriro wo mu cyiciro cya D (umuriro urimo ibyuma byaka).
Ibikoresho byubufasha bwambere:
Gumana ibikoresho byambere byububiko hafi kugirango ukemure ibikomere byoroheje bishobora kubaho mugihe cyo gusudira.Igikoresho kigomba kuba kirimo ibintu nka bande, igisubizo cya antiseptic, gutwika gel, gants, na kasi.
Indorerwamo z'umutekano:
Usibye kwambara ingofero yo gusudira, indorerwamo z'umutekano zirashobora gutanga ubundi buryo bwo kurinda amaso imyanda iguruka cyangwa ibicu bishobora kurenga ingofero.Gumana ijisho ryumutekano byoroshye kwambara mugihe bikenewe.
Gusudira ibiringiti cyangwa umwenda:
Kuzenguruka ibiringiti cyangwa umwenda bikoreshwa mukurinda ibikoresho byaka hafi yumuriro na spatter.Bika ibyo bikoresho hafi kugirango urinde agace kegeranye kandi wirinde inkongi y'umuriro.
Ibikoresho byo gusudira:
Ibikoresho byo gusudira bikoreshwa mugukora inzitizi hagati yo gusudira nabandi bakozi cyangwa abahisi.Barinda abandi ingaruka mbi ziterwa no gusudira urumuri, imirasire, hamwe nigishashi.Gumana ecran yo gusudira hafi kugirango ushireho akazi keza.
Amashanyarazi yo gusudira cyangwa clamps:
Isahani yo gusudira cyangwa clamps nibikoresho byoroshye mugukoresha ibyuma bishyushye, kuvanaho icyapa, cyangwa gufata ibihangano neza.Bika ibyo bikoresho hafi kugirango wirinde gukoresha amaboko yambaye ubusa cyangwa ibyago byo gutwikwa.
Ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu ku giti cye (PPE):
Usibye ingofero yo gusudira, gants, na jacket, menya neza ko PPE isanzwe iboneka.Ibi birimo ibice bibiri bya gants, ibirahure byumutekano, gutwi cyangwa gutwi, nibindi PPE iyo ari yo yose yihariye yo gusudira ikorwa.
Guhumeka neza:
Guhumeka bihagije ni ngombwa gukuraho umwotsi wo gusudira hamwe na gaze aho bakorera.Menya neza ko sisitemu yo guhumeka, nk'abafana basohora umuyaga cyangwa ibiyikuramo umwotsi, biriho kandi bikora neza.
Mugukomeza ibikoresho byibikoresho byumutekano, abasudira barashobora kubigeraho byihuse mugihe bikenewe, bakarinda umutekano muke kandi bikagabanya ibyago byimpanuka cyangwa ibikomere mugihe cyo gusudira.
Umwanzuro ：
Ni ngombwa ko abasudira bamenya izo ngaruka kandi bagashyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’umutekano zikwiye, harimo kwambara ibikoresho bikwiye byo kurinda umuntu, gukurikiza imyitozo y’akazi itekanye, no guhabwa amahugurwa ahagije, kugira ngo bagabanye ingaruka ziterwa no gusudira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-03-2023