Mu myaka yashize, ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije zirahangayitseho. Ibibabi gakondo, akenshi byateguwe na moteri ya lisansi, bikagira uruhare rugaragara guhumanya ikirere hamwe nu myuka ya Greenhouse. Gutwika ibiti by'ibinyabuzima muri ibi bikoresho bisohora dioxyde de carbon (CO2) hamwe n'ibindi byanduye mu kirere, bigira uruhare mu mihindagurikire y'ikirere no gutesha agaciro ikirere. Umwanda wanduye ukorwa niyi mashini kandi uzamura ibibazo byubuzima kandi byubuzima, bigira ingaruka kubantu ninyamaswa zo mubi.
Nkumuryango ufite inshingano, tugomba gukemura ikirenge cyibidukikije muri ibi bikoresho bitameze neza. Muri iki kiganiro, dusuzume ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije bivunika amavuta kandi tugashakisha imbaraga zikomeje kugira ngo duteze imbere ubundi buryo burambye.
Ikirenge cya karubone cyamababi gakondo
Ibibabi gakondo bya gaze ya gaze yakunze kuva kera byaranze ubwitonzi, itanga imikorere ariko kubiciro byingenzi kubidukikije. Izi mashini zisohora impumu zangiza, harimo na karuboni za karubone (CO2) na oxide ya azote (Nox), kugira uruhare mu guhugira ikirere n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Kwanduza urusaku byakozwe na gaze ya gaze hamwe no kongera ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije ndetse n'ubuzima rusange.
Hano hari ibintu bimwe bigira uruhare mubirenge byabo bya karubone:
Ibyokurya bya fessil:
Amababi ya lisansi akoreshwa nabi yatwitse, arekura karuboni dioxyde de karubon (CO2) hamwe nabandi banduye mu kirere. Iyi nzira yo gutwika ni umusanzu munini w'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
Ibyuka bihumanya:
Gutwika lisansi muriyi mababi bitanga co2 gusa ahubwo binabice byangiza (nox) hamwe nibibazo. Izi jullutants zirashobora kugira ingaruka mbi kumico myiza yubuzima nubuzima bwabantu.
Umusaruro w'ingufu:
Umusaruro no gutwara lisansi nacyo utanga umusanzu muri rusange ya karubone muri rusange yamababi gakondo. Gukuramo, gutunganya, no gutwara ibisigazwa by'ibisimba byose birimo inzira zifatika zirekura imyuka.
Kubungabunga no kurangiza - ubuzima:
Kubungabunga no kujugunya ibibabi bya lisansi ya lisansi nabyo bitanga umusanzu mu kimenyetso cya karubone. Impinduka zamavuta, ibikamburo byo kuyuzuza ikirere, nibindi bikorwa byo kubungabunga birimo gukoresha ingufu no gusesengura.
Kugabanya ikirenge cya karubone gifitanye isano nibabi, ubundi buryo bushobora gusuzumwa, nkibibabi byamashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho byintoki nka rake. Ibibabi byamashanyarazi, cyane cyane ibipimo hamwe ningufu nyinshi zingufu zingufu zikoreshwa cyane ugereranije na bagenzi babo ba lisansi. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ibikoresho byintoki bikuraho ibikenewe kubijyanye no gukoresha lisansi cyangwa imyuka mugihe cyo gukora.
Amabwiriza aho kandi ategereza ashobora kandi kugira uruhare mugushishikariza ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije, bikagira uruhare mu kugabanya ikirenge rusange cya karubone yububiko bwibibabi.
Amababi y'amashanyarazi: Intambwe iganisha ku kuramba
Mu gusubiza ibibazo by'ibidukikije bikikije amazi akoreshwa na gaze, ubundi buryo bw'amashanyarazi bwagaragaye nkuburyo burambye. Amababi yamashanyarazi, ikoreshwa namashanyarazi, atanga imyuka ya zeru mugihe cyo gukoresha. Ibi bigabanya cyane ikirenge cya karubone ugereranije na bagenzi babo. Mugihe tekinoroji yikoranabuhanga, ibara ryamashanyarazi rigenda rikomera kandi rinoze, ritanga ubundi buryo bwiza kubaguzi bamenyereye ibidukikije.
Hano hari impamvu nyinshi zituma ibibabi by'amababi bifatwa nkibidukikije:
Ibyuka bya zeru muburyo bwo gukoresha:
Ibibabi byamashanyarazi ntibitanga umusaruro utaziguye mugihe cyo gukora. Bitandukanye na lisayine-ikoreshwa nabi, ntabwo batwika ibicanwa byibinyabuzima, bikaviramo umwanda wo hasi hamwe nintererano yagabanijwe mumihindagurikire y'ikirere. Ibi bituma bakora isuku kandi irambye yo guhitamo kubogama.
Ikirenge cya karubone:
Muri rusange ikirenge cya karubone cyamashanyarazi muri rusange ari hasi, cyane cyane iyo amashanyarazi yakoreshwaga kubukurikiza amasoko ashobora kongerwa nkumuyaga cyangwa izuba. Nkuko gride ihinduka icyatsi, inyungu zishingiye ku bidukikije n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, birimo ibibabi, kwiyongera.
Kugabanya umwambaro cy'urusaku:
Ibibabi byamashanyarazi mubisanzwe biratuje kurenza bagenzi babo, bigira uruhare mubidukikije byiza kandi birambye. Urwego rwo hasi rwurusaku rushobora kugira ingaruka nziza kumibereho myiza yabantu ninyamanswa.
Koroshya gukoresha no kubungabunga:
Amababi yamashanyarazi akunze no koroha gukoresha kandi bisaba kubungabunga bike ugereranije na lideline. Bakuraho gukenera lisansi, impinduka zamavuta, hamwe nindi mirimo zijyanye namababi gakondo, kugabanya ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije.
INKUNZIMASS N'AMATEGEKO:
Uturere tumwe na tumwe dutanga imbaraga cyangwa kunganywa kugura ibikoresho bya metero zaburd, harimo no kuvura ibibabi. Byongeye kandi, amabwiriza y'ibidukikije arashobora kugabanya imikoreshereze ya gaze ya gaze mubice bimwe, ashishikariza kurengerwa mubundi buryo bwamashanyarazi.
Mugihe ibibabi byamashanyarazi ari intambwe nziza iganisha ku kuramba, ni ngombwa gusuzuma inkomoko y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mu kubarwa. Guhitamo ingufu zishobora kongerwa kurushaho kuzamura ibyangombwa byabo byimpeshyi. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere no kumenya ibidukikije rikura, guhindura ibikoresho byamashanyarazi birashoboka ko bigira uruhare muburyo burambye kandi bushinzwe.
Udushya twikoranabuhanga rya bateri
Imwe mu mbogamizi zingenzi zifite amababi yamashanyarazi yabaye imyizerere yububasha, ikagabanya kugenda noroshye. Ariko, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya bateri rikemura iki kibazo. Batteri-ion ion, izwiho imbaraga zabo zingufu kandi zikaze, ubu zifata igisekuru gishya cyamashanyarazi. Udushya ntabwo yongeza uburambe bwumukoresha gusa ahubwo tunatanga umusanzu mubintu byose birambye byimikorere yo kwitabwaho.
Habayeho udushya twihanganye muri tekinoroji ya bateri, duyobowe nibisabwa byiyongera kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki byimuka, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, hamwe nububiko bwingufu bushoboka. Iterambere rigamije guteza imbere ubucucike bw'ingufu, umutekano, kwishyuza umuvuduko, no gukora muri rusange. Hano hari udushya tuboneye mukoranabuhanga rya bateri:
Batteri-ion ion (li-ion):
Ubucucike bugufi:Batteri-ion ion itanga ubucucike bwingufu nyinshi, itanga ubushobozi bwingufu zibikoresho muburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye. Ibi bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bya eleginet byimukanwa nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
Bateri ikomeye-leta:
Umutekano mwiza:Batteri-ya leta isimbuza amazi cyangwa gel electrolyte muri bateri gakondo hamwe na electrolyte ikomeye. Iki gishushanyo cyongera umutekano mugabanya ibyago byo kumeneka, umuriro, nahan. Batteri zikomeye-za leta zifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga imbaraga nyinshi.
Bateri-sulfur:
Ubucucike bwo hejuru:Batteri-suriyur-sulfur ifite ubushobozi bwo gutinyuke bingana cyane ugereranije na bateri gakondo-ion ion ion. Ibi birashobora kuvamo byoroheje kandi bihanishwa ingufu-ikora neza muburyo butandukanye.
Bateri nziza:
Guhangana neza:GrafeNone, atome imwe ya karubone yateganyirije mu gace ka hexagonal, yerekanye amasezerano mu kuzamura imyitwarire no kwishyuza / gusohora ibipimo bya bateri. Batterine ya Grafene irashobora gutanga ibihe byihuta byo kwishyuza no kuzenguruka.
Bateri zigenda:
Gutandukanya no kuramba:Batteri zitemba zikoresha amashanyarazi ya electrolytes yabitswe mubigega byo hanze. Birashimishije cyane kububiko bwa grid-gipimo kubera igituba nubushobozi bwabo kugirango ubuzima burerure. Batteril vanadium itemba nurugero rugaragara.
Bateri ya sodium-ion:
Umutungo mwinshi:Batteri-ion ion irasakuza nkubundi bundi bateri-ion ion, ukoresheje sodium nkumutwara wishyurwa. Sodium ni nyinshi kandi ihendutse kuruta lithium, bigatuma aya bateri ashobora kuramba.
Bateri ebyiri:
Guharanira inyungu:Batteri ebyiri zikoresha andion zombi na cations kubika amafaranga, kwemerera umutekano mwiza no gukora neza. Iki gishushanyo kirashobora kuzamura imikorere n'umutekano wa bateri.
Bateri yo kwikiza:
Ubuzima bwagutse:Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwibanda kuri bateri ziterambere hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwitanga. Ibikoresho bishobora gusana ubwabyo bishobora kuganisha kuri bateri hamwe nubuzima burebure kandi bwiyongereye.
Batteri ya Quanitum:
Ibikoresho bya Kameru:Batteri ya Quanim irimo kwinjiza ibikoresho bya Quantum, nkigituba cya Quaf, kugirango wongere imikorere ya bateri. Ibi bikoresho birashobora gutuma kubika ingufu zikoresha ingufu no guhindura.
Bateri ya biodegradable:
Ishuti Ishuti:Abashakashatsi barimo gushakisha ibikoresho bya biliodegrafiya kubigize bateri, bituma babana bishingiye ku bidukikije kandi byoroshye gutunganya.
Udushya duhagarariye imbaraga zikomeje kugirango dukemure ibibazo byo kubika ingufu, guteza imbere birambye, kandi byujuje ibisabwa byiyongera kuri tekinoroji ya bateri ikora neza kandi yinshuti zinshuti zinyura mu ngamba zitandukanye.
Kuzamuka kw'ibinyabuzima bya Biomimicry
Mugihe cyo gukurikirana ubundi buryo burambye rwose, abashakashatsi nabashakashatsi bahindukirira kamere kugirango bahumeke. Biomimicry, imyitozo yo kwigana inzira karemano ninzego ziva amaraso guhanga udushya zihindura imikorere yimikorere karemano. Mugushiraho amahame ya biyomimicry, abakora bagamije gukora ibikoresho bigabanya ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije mugihe ugenda neza.
Ibikorwa byabaturage kubikorwa byintara birambye
Kurenza iterambere ryikoranabuhanga, abaturage bakora cyane mubikorwa kugirango bateze imbere imikorere irambye yo kubara. Inzego z'ibanze n'imiryango ishingiye ku bidukikije ni udushyigikira kubijyanye no gukoresha ibibabi bifite amababi ya gaze, gushishikariza iyemezwa ry'amashanyarazi cyangwa intoki. Amasosiyete yo gutunganya kandi acuranga uruhare runini mugushira mubikoresho byangiza ibidukikije no guteza imbere ibikorwa byibidukikije.
Ibikorwa byabaturage kugirango umwanda urambye ufata imbaraga nkuko abantu barushaho kumenya ibidukikije. Ibi bikorwa byibanda kumikorere bigabanya ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije, biteza imbere urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, kandi rutanga umusanzu mu mibereho myiza y'abaturage. Hano hari ibitekerezo bimwe kubikorwa byayobowe nabaturage mubikorwa byo kubungabunga umwanda urambye:
Ubusitani bw'abaturage:
Shiraho ubusitani bwabaturage aho abaturage bashobora gukura cyane imbuto, imboga, nibimebu. Ibi biteza imbere imigenzo irambye kandi igabanya ibikenewe byitegeko gakondo.
Ibihingwa kavukire:
Shishikariza gukoresha ibimera kavukire mubintu byubutaka butuyemo. Ibimera kavukire byahujwe nikirere cyaho kandi bisaba amazi no kubungabunga amazi make. Amahugurwa y'abaturage cyangwa gahunda yo guhana ibihingwa birashobora gufasha abaturage kuva mu gace kavukire.
Gahunda zifu Ziporafu:
Gushyira mubikorwa gahunda-yagutse kugirango igabanye ingano yimyanda kama yoherejwe kumataka. Ifumbire irashobora gukoreshwa mugukungahaza ubutaka ubuzima bwubusitani no mu mategeko.
Gusarura amazi y'imvura:
Teza imbere kwishyiriraho ibibari by'imvura cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gusarura amazi yimvura kugirango bakusanye kandi bakongere amazi yimvura kugirango ahine kandi kuhira ubusitani. Ibi bigabanya kwishingikiriza kumasoko y'amazi.
Amahugurwa y'abaturage n'uburezi:
Tegura amahugurwa hamwe na gahunda zuburezi kubikorwa byo kwita kubandi. Ingingo zirashobora gushiramo imitekerereze ya kama, imiyoborere ihuriweho nudukoko, ninyungu zo kugabanya inyongeramusaruro.
Gahunda yo Kugabana Ibikoresho:
Shiraho gahunda yo kugabana igikoresho aho abaturage bashobora kuguza cyangwa gukodesha ibikoresho bya nyakatsi no mubusitani aho kugura buri rugo no kubungabunga ibikoresho byacyo. Ibi bigabanya ibikoresho byumutungo kandi biteza imbere kumva umubare w'abaturage.
Ubundi buryo:
Shishikariza gukoresha ubundi buryo busaba kubungabunga bike kuruta amategeko gakondo. Ibi birashobora gushiramo amahitamo nka clover, inyamanswa, cyangwa igifuniko gishyigikira pollinator yaho.
Ibikorwa bya pollinator-byinshuti:
Shiraho uturere twinshuti za polinator mubaturage mugutera indabyo n'ibinyarwanda bikurura inzuki, ibinyugunyugu, hamwe nabandi bapfumu. Ibi ntibishyigikira gusa urusobe rwibinyabuzima ahubwo rutezimbere ubwiza bwabaturanyi.
Nta-Mow zone:
Kugena uturere runaka nka "nta-mowa" aho ibimera bisanzwe byemewe gukura. Ibi bifasha kurema ahantu h'inyamanswa zaho kandi bigabanya ikirenge cya karubone gifitanye isano no kubungabunga umwanda.
Imishinga y'Ibikorwa Remezo:
Gufatanya ninzego z'ibanze gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga y'ibikorwa remezo, nko mu busitani bw'imvura hamwe na kaburimbo ikomeye, gucunga neza umuyaga uhuha neza kandi utezimbere imbaraga zidukikije muri rusange.
Ibikorwa byogusukura abaturage:
Tegura ibyabaye muri rusange ibikorwa bisukuye kugirango ukemure imyanda hamwe nimyanda ahantu rusange. Ibidukikije bisukuye bitera ubwibone bwumuryango kandi bitera inkunga ibisonga bishinzwe.
Amabwiriza ashingiye ku nzego: Amabwiriza:
Uduharanira cyangwa gufatanya ku iterambere ry'amabwiriza y'ibanze cyangwa umurongo ngenderwaho uteza guteza imbere uburyo burambye bwo kwitabwaho, nko kubuza imiti yica udukoko cyangwa imbaraga zo gutunganya ibidukikije.
Mugutesha agaciro abaturage no gusangira inshingano kandi basangiye inshingano, izi gahunda zigira uruhare runini mubyiciro birambye kandi byimikorere ya nyakwigendera ku bidukikije, bitera abaturanyi bafite ubuzima bwiza kandi bahanganye kandi bahanganye.
UMWANZURO: Kugenda ugana ahazaza
Mu gusoza, ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije zirashimangira akamaro ko gukoresha ubundi buryo burambye muburyo bwacu bwo kwitabwaho. Ubwihindurize bw'ikoranabuhanga muri uyu murima, cyane cyane kuva muri gaze-ikoreshwa mu mababi y'amashanyarazi, byerekana inzira nziza yo kugabanya ikirenge cy'ibidukikije. Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga rya baterirure turushaho kugira uruhare muri iki gihe cya Greener, Gutanga Ingufu nyinshi kandi zishingiye ku bidukikije.
Mugihe tugenda tugana ahazaza haboneje ibyatsi, ni ngombwa kwakira ibikoresho byo mu isuku gusa ahubwo ni uburyo bworoshye. Ibikorwa byabaturage bateza imbere ahantu nyaburanga kavukire, ifumbire, kandi ubusitani burambye bugira uruhare runini mugutera ubwoba ubwenge bwibidukikije murwego rwo hasi. Igitekerezo cya biomimicry mu gishushanyo, cyahumetswe n'imikorere ya kamere, byongeraho urugero rwiza rwo gukora ibisubizo by'ibidukikije.
Muguhitamo uburyo burambye, uburezi butera inkunga, no gushyigikira amabwiriza ashinzwe, abaturage barashobora gutanga umusanzu mubidukikije kandi bikabarikana ibidukikije. Kurera iyi hinduka kuruhande rwicyatsi ntabwo ari ubwitange bwibisonga bwibidukikije gusa ahubwo ni akaya ntambwe iganisha ku miryango myinshi yo kwihangana kandi irambye kubana ibisekuruza bizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jan-05-2024